Cairo Travel Guide 2026: First-Timer's Complete Guide to Egypt's Capital (What to See, Eat & Know)

Embarking on a journey to Cairo, Egypt, for the first time is a thrilling exploration into the heart of ancient wonders and vibrant city life. In this comprehensive guide, we invite you to unravel the mysteries of the Sphinx, marvel at the awe-inspiring Giza Pyramids, and traverse the bustling streets of one of the world's oldest metropolises.

From navigating the labyrinthine markets of Khan El Khalili to savoring the tantalizing flavors of Egyptian cuisine, this guide is crafted to ensure an immersive and unforgettable experience. Whether you're watching the sunset behind the pyramids, exploring the treasures of the Egyptian Museum, or sipping mint tea in a traditional cafe, Cairo offers experiences that will stay with you forever.

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When to Visit Cairo: Month-by-Month Guide

Best Months (October - April)

October-November: Perfect weather (70-80°F), fewer crowds than peak season, ideal for all activities. This is Cairo's sweet spot for visiting.

December-February: Coolest months (60-70°F), ideal for walking tours and exploring outdoor sites. You'll need a light jacket for evenings, but days are perfect. Peak tourist season means more crowds but better tour availability.

March-April: Warm but pleasant (75-85°F), spring atmosphere in parks and gardens. Occasional sandstorms can occur but usually pass quickly.

Good Months (May, September)

May: Getting hot (85-95°F) but still manageable for early morning and evening activities. Consider this shoulder season for better hotel rates.

September: Still quite hot (90-100°F), but summer crowds are gone. Start your days very early and take afternoon breaks in air-conditioned museums or cafes.

Avoid (June - August)

June-August: Extreme heat (95-104°F+), very uncomfortable for sightseeing. If you must visit during these months, plan all outdoor activities before 10 AM and after 5 PM.

Special Events

Ramadan: Unique cultural experience with special evening atmosphere and festive iftar meals. Dates vary by year based on the lunar calendar. Some restaurants close during daylight hours, but tourist areas remain accessible.

Cairo International Film Festival: November - Great cultural event showcasing international and Arab cinema.

Abu Simbel Sun Festival: February 22 & October 22 - Worth a day trip from Cairo to see the sun illuminate the temple's inner sanctum.

What to Expect for Flight Prices

From USA: $600-1,200 round-trip (direct flights from New York, cheaper with connections)
From Europe: €200-500 round-trip (many budget airlines fly to Cairo)
From Middle East: $200-400 round-trip (short flights from Dubai, Jordan, Saudi Arabia)
From Asia: $400-800 roundtrip depending on origin city

Pro Tip: Book 2-3 months in advance for the best prices. Tuesday and Wednesday departures are often cheaper than weekend flights.

Find the cheapest flights to Cairo on Expedia

Airport Transfers

Once you land at Cairo International Airport (CAI), you'll need to get to your hotel:

Book Private Cairo Airport Pickup - Book your Cairo airport transfer in advance - Recommended for first-timers, driver meets you at arrivals with your name sign ($20-30 USD)

Uber/Careem: Available at the airport but can have surge pricing during peak hours ($8-20 USD to city center depending on traffic)

Areas to Stay in Cairo

Choosing the perfect place to stay in Cairo is a pivotal part of your inaugural adventure in Egypt's bustling capital. From the historic charm of Zamalek's boutique hotels to the vibrant energy of Downtown Cairo, this guide unveils accommodations tailored to various preferences.

Cairo Neighborhoods Compared

ZAMALEK
Best For: First-timers, Nile views, upscale dining, quiet retreat
Distance to Pyramids: 30 minutes
Vibe: Quiet, leafy streets, expat-friendly, art galleries and cafes

An island oasis on the Nile, Zamalek offers a central location with a blend of upscale hotels, charming boutiques, and a serene ambiance, making it an ideal choice for first-time visitors seeking both convenience and tranquility. You'll find the Cairo Opera House, numerous art galleries, museums, and excellent restaurants here. The Zamalek Market runs every Saturday with local products, crafts, and cooking studios.

DOWNTOWN CAIRO
Best For: Culture seekers, nightlife, budget travelers, central location
Distance to Pyramids: 40 minutes
Vibe: Historic, bustling, authentic Egyptian atmosphere

The bustling heart of the city, Downtown is dotted with historic landmarks, vibrant markets, and a range of accommodations. It provides a lively introduction to Cairo's energy and a strategic base for exploration. You'll be near Tahrir Square, the Egyptian Museum, and countless local restaurants.

GIZA
Best For: Pyramid access, waking up to pyramid views
Distance to Pyramids: 5-10 minutes (some hotels have pyramid views!)
Vibe: Tourist-oriented, convenient for pyramid visits

For a front-row seat to the Pyramids and Sphinx, Giza is an excellent choice. With a variety of hotels overlooking these ancient wonders, first-time visitors can immerse themselves in the iconic landscape and easily explore the nearby archaeological sites. Wake up to pyramid views from your balcony!

MAADI
Best For: Families, quiet escape, expat community
Distance to Pyramids: 45 minutes
Vibe: Suburban, tree-lined streets, relaxed, international feel

Nestled along the Nile's southern bank, Maadi offers a suburban escape with tree-lined streets, a mix of international and local dining options, and a more relaxed atmosphere, making it suitable for those seeking a respite from the urban hustle.

ISLAMIC CAIRO (OLD CAIRO)
Best For: History buffs, cultural immersion, authentic experience
Distance to Pyramids: 50 minutes
Vibe: Historic, traditional, local flavor

Steeped in history, Old Cairo transports visitors back in time with its narrow lanes, historic mosques, and vibrant bazaars. Staying in this area provides an immersive experience of Cairo's rich cultural and architectural heritage.

Where to Stay in Cairo: Our Top Picks

My Recommendation: Madina Hostel- Perfect location in downtown Cairo, close to the Egyptian Museum and Tahrir Square. Budget-friendly with clean rooms and helpful staff.

Other Great Options:

• Budget: Cecilia Hotel Cairo

• Mid-Range: Steigenberger Hotel El Tahrir OR Viaje Hotel Downtown Cairo

• Luxury: Four Seasons Cairo at Nile Plaza OR Waldorf Astoria Cairo Heliopolis

Compare all Cairo hotels on Expedia

Ways to Get Around Cairo

Cairo is a sprawling metropolis of over 20 million people, and navigating it can seem daunting at first. However, with these transportation options, you'll be exploring like a local in no time.

Cairo Metro

Navigate the city efficiently using the Cairo Metro, a rapid transit system that connects major districts. It's the fastest way to avoid Cairo's notorious traffic. The metro is clean, safe, and incredibly cheap (around 5-7 EGP per ride). Line 1 runs north-south, Line 2 runs east-west, and Line 3 connects to the airport. The first two cars of every train are women-only during rush hours.

Pro Tip: Avoid rush hours (7-9 AM and 4-7 PM) when trains are extremely crowded.

Uber and Careem

The most convenient option for tourists! These ride-sharing apps work seamlessly in Cairo with transparent pricing. Download both apps before your trip and link a payment method. Rides are very affordable - a 30-minute ride across the city typically costs $3-8 USD. English-speaking drivers are common, and you don't need to negotiate prices.

Pro Tip: Always confirm your driver's license plate before getting in the car.

Traditional Taxis

Traditional white taxis are everywhere in Cairo. However, most don't have working meters, so you'll need to negotiate the fare before getting in. As a tourist, you'll often be quoted inflated prices. Know the approximate cost before negotiating (ask your hotel staff).

Expected Prices:

• Short ride (2-3 km): 30-50 EGP

• Medium ride (5-10 km): 60-100 EGP

• Long ride (15+ km): 120-200 EGP

Minibuses and Microbuses

Immerse yourself in local culture by hopping on one of Cairo's colorful minibuses. These follow set routes and are incredibly cheap (5-10 EGP per ride). However, they're challenging for tourists as routes aren't clearly marked and drivers don't speak English. Best for adventurous travelers who don't mind getting a bit lost!

Tuk-Tuks

In less formal areas and around tourist sites, tuk-tuks (tok-toks locally) are a fun, budget-friendly option. Negotiate prices before riding (20-50 EGP for short distances). They're perfect for quick trips and navigating narrow streets in Islamic Cairo.

Nile River Ferries

Enjoy scenic views while crossing the Nile River on one of Cairo's ferry services. The El Manial ferry and others connect different parts of the city for just a few pounds. It's a picturesque and local way to experience Cairo's waterways.

Walking

Many of Cairo's attractions in specific areas are best explored on foot. Islamic Cairo, Downtown around Tahrir Square, and Zamalek island are all walkable neighborhoods. However, be prepared for chaotic street crossings - watch the locals and cross confidently when they do!

Warning: Sidewalks can be uneven, sometimes blocked by parked cars or street vendors, so watch your step.

Private Drivers and Car Rentals

For day trips outside Cairo or if you prefer private transportation, hiring a car with a driver is affordable and stress-free. This is highly recommended over self-driving, as Cairo traffic is notoriously chaotic and road rules are... flexible.

Book your Cairo airport transfer in advance

Stay Connected in Cairo

Don't get stuck without internet access! Having connectivity in Cairo is essential for using Uber, Google Maps, translating Arabic signs, and staying in touch with hotels and tour operators.

Best Options for Internet in Cairo

eSIM Data Plans - Get your Egypt eSIM from Saily
International Roaming Add-On - Some US carriers offer international plans, but they're usually more expensive than eSIMs. Check your carrier's rates before traveling.

Local SIM Card - You can buy a local SIM at Cairo Airport or any Vodafone/Orange/Etisalat shop in the city. Bring your passport for registration. Plans with data start around 100 EGP ($3 USD). Your phone must be unlocked to use local SIMs.

WiFi in Cairo

Most hotels, cafes, and restaurants offer free WiFi, but the quality varies significantly. Don't rely solely on WiFi - having your own data plan gives you freedom to use maps and call Ubers anywhere.

Pro Tip: Download offline maps of Cairo on Google Maps before your trip as a backup!

Navigating Cairo’s Climate: What to Pack

Preparing for your Cairo adventure begins with understanding the city's dynamic climate. Cairo has hot, dry summers and mild winters. Here's exactly what to pack for each season:

Summer Packing List (June-August)

Embrace lightweight, breathable clothing to combat the intense heat:

Clothing:

• Lightweight, loose-fitting clothes in breathable fabrics

• Long, flowy pants or skirts for mosque visits

• Lightweight long-sleeve shirts (protects from sun)

• Cotton or linen materials work best

• Light sweater for over-air-conditioned museums

Sun Protection -

• Best Travel Sunscreen SPF 50+ - Reapply every 2 hours!

• Lightweight Sun Hat for Travel - Wide-brimmed style

• UV Protection Sunglasses - Essential for desert sun

• Light scarf or shawl for extra sun coverage

Winter Packing List (December-February)

Layering is key during Cairo's cooler months:

Clothing:

• Light jacket or cardigan for evenings (can drop to 50°F)

• Long pants and long-sleeve shirts

• Closed-toe walking shoes

• Scarf for added warmth on cooler nights

• Light layers you can add/remove throughout the day

Spring/Autumn (March-May, September-November)

Cairo's most pleasant seasons with mild temperatures:

Clothing:

• Mix of short and long-sleeve options

• Light jacket for evenings

• Comfortable walking shoes

• Versatile pieces you can layer

Year-Round Essentials

Modest Clothing (Respect local customs):

• Women's Lightweight Travel Scarves - Perfect for mosque visits and sun protection

• Quick-Dry Travel Pants

• Shirts that cover the shoulders

• Skirts/dresses that cover knees (or wear with leggings)

• For men: avoid shorts in mosques and more conservative areas

Comfortable Footwear:

• Comfortable Walking Shoes - You'll walk 10+ miles on some days!

• Sandals for hot days (must be able to slip off easily for mosques)

• Closed-toe shoes for pyramid climbing and uneven surfaces

Travel Essentials -

• Anti-Theft Crossbody Bag - Keep valuables secure in crowds

• Portable Phone Charger 20000mAh - Essential for long days out

• Universal Travel Adapter - Egypt uses Type C & F plugs (220V)

• Reusable Water Bottle with Filter - Stay hydrated, save money

• Small daypack or backpack - For carrying water, snacks, souvenirs

• Wet wipes and hand sanitizer - Not all bathrooms have soap

• Small bills in Egyptian pounds - For tips, small purchases

• Ziplock bags - Protect electronics from sand and dust

Photography Gear -

• Best Travel Camera for Egypt - Capture those pyramid photos!

• Smartphone Gimbal Stabilizer - For smooth video walking through markets

• Extra Camera Memory Cards - You'll take hundreds of photos

• Portable cleaning cloth - Desert dust gets on lenses quickly

What NOT to Pack

• Heavy jeans (too hot)

• Fancy jewelry (attracts unwanted attention)

• Too many shoes (you'll primarily wear 1-2 pairs)

• White clothes (dust and sand make them dirty quickly)

• Excessive toiletries (buy them if needed)

Modesty Reminder: While Cairo is more cosmopolitan than other parts of Egypt, respecting local customs by dressing modestly will result in a more comfortable experience. You'll blend in better, receive less unwanted attention, and show cultural respect - especially when visiting religious sites.

3-Day Cairo Itinerary

This itinerary covers all the must-see sights while allowing time to absorb Cairo's energy. Adjust based on your interests and energy levels!

DAY 1: Ancient Wonders

Morning: Pyramids of Giza & Sphinx (8 AM - 1 PM)

Start EARLY to beat the heat and crowds! Arrive at the Pyramids by 8 AM when the gates open. You'll need at least 4-5 hours here.

What to Do:

• Walk around all three main pyramids

• Enter the Great Pyramid (extra ticket, arrive early as they limit daily entries)

• Visit the Sphinx and Valley Temple

• Panoramic viewpoint for that iconic photo of all three pyramids

Entrance: 540 EGP ($17 USD) for the complex
Inside Great Pyramid: Additional 900 EGP ($29 USD)

Book These Tours:

• Great Pyramids of Giza Guided Tour

• Egyptian Museum in Cairo: Private Guided Tour

• Khan El Khalili Bazaar and El Moez Street Tour

Afternoon: Saqqara or Memphis (2 PM - 5 PM)

After lunch, head to Saqqara to see the Step Pyramid of Djoser (Egypt's oldest pyramid, built 200 years before Giza). It's less crowded than Giza and fascinating. Alternatively, visit the outdoor museum at Memphis to see the massive statue of Ramses II.

(Tour I recommend: Private Day Tour Saqqara Pyramids, Memphis and Dahshur Pyramids)

Evening: Nile Dinner Cruise (7 PM - 10 PM)

End your first day with a relaxing dinner cruise on the Nile with traditional Egyptian entertainment (belly dancing, Tanoura dancing). While touristy, it's a fun experience and a nice break after a long day of walking. (Book in advance)

Where to Eat Dinner Instead: If you skip the cruise, try Sequoia in Zamalek for excellent Nile views and Mediterranean food, or Abou Tarek downtown for authentic koshari.

DAY 2: Museums & Markets

Morning: Egyptian Museum (9 AM - 1 PM)

Allocate at least 3-4 hours for the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir Square. This museum houses over 120,000 artifacts, including the complete Tutankhamun collection with his famous gold mask.

Must-See:

• Tutankhamun Galleries (upper floor)

• Royal Mummy Room (extra ticket, worth it!)

• Ancient jewelry collection

• Pre-dynastic artifacts

Entrance: 450 EGP ($14 USD)
Mummy Room: Additional 300 EGP ($10 USD)

Book These Tours:

• Egyptian Museum in Cairo: Private Guided Tour

• Grand Egyptian Museum Giza Pyramids and Sphinx in Private Tou

Pro Tip: The new Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) near the Pyramids is scheduled to open in 2026! Check if it's open during your visit - it will be spectacular.

Lunch: Grab lunch at Felfela nearby for traditional Egyptian fare, or Zooba for modern takes on Egyptian street food.

Afternoon: Khan El Khalili Bazaar (2 PM - 5 PM)

Head to the historic Khan El Khalili bazaar for shopping and exploring. This labyrinth of shops sells everything: gold, silver, textiles, spices, perfumes, souvenirs, alabaster, papyrus, and more.

Khan El Khalili Bazaar and El Moez Street Tour

Shopping Tips:

• Bargain! Start at 40-50% of the asking price

• Compare prices at multiple shops before buying

• Watch for authentic vs. fake papyrus

• Agree on prices before accepting tea or "free" services

Book These Tours:

• Alexandria Day Trip From Cair

• Full Day Tour Visiting Coptic and Islamic Cairo

• Luxury Felucca on the Nile with Lunch

• Cairo Food Tour adventures +40 Tastings

Late Afternoon: Al-Azhar Park (5 PM - Sunset)

Before dinner, visit Al-Azhar Park for stunning sunset views over Islamic Cairo. This beautifully landscaped park offers panoramic views of the city, including the Citadel and historic mosques. Entry is 20 EGP (~$0.60).

Evening: Islamic Cairo (7 PM - 9 PM)

Walk down Al Moez Street, the oldest street in Cairo, illuminated beautifully at night. It's lined with historic mosques, traditional architecture, and local artisan shops. This was one of my favorite areas in Cairo - incredibly atmospheric.

Where to Eat: Try Naguib Mahfouz Cafe in Khan El Khalili for dinner, or Zitouni at the Four Seasons for upscale Egyptian cuisine.

DAY 3: Islamic Cairo & Citadel

Morning: Mohamed Ali Mosque & Saladin's Citadel (8 AM - 12 PM)

Start your day at the stunning Mohamed Ali Mosque (Alabaster Mosque), perched atop the Citadel with incredible panoramic views of Cairo. On clear days, you can even see the pyramids from here!

Built between 1830-1848, this Ottoman-style mosque was designed by the same architect who created Istanbul's famous Sultan Ahmed Mosque. The interior is breathtaking with massive chandeliers and ornate decorations.

Entrance: 180 EGP (~$6 USD) - Worth every penny!
Remember: Dress modestly, remove shoes, women should cover hair

What Else at the Citadel:

• Gawhara Palace

• Police Museum

• Views over the entire city

• Historic walls and fortifications

Full Day Tour Visiting Coptic and Islamic Cairo

Lunch: Head to nearby Al Azhar Street for local restaurants serving traditional Egyptian food.

Afternoon: More of Islamic Cairo (1 PM - 4 PM)

Continue exploring Islamic Cairo's treasures:

Must-See Mosques & Sites:

• Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan (architectural masterpiece)

• Al-Rifa'i Mosque (across from Sultan Hassan)

• Bab Zuweila (medieval gate, climb for views)

• Al-Azhar Mosque (one of Cairo's oldest, still functioning)

Many of these are close together and can be visited in one afternoon. Some charge small entrance fees (20-60 EGP), others are free but appreciate donations.

Afternoon Break: Cairo gets exhausting! Take a break at a local cafe for tea or fresh juice.

Evening: Sunset at the Pyramids (6 PM - 8 PM)

On our last night in Egypt, we decided to watch the sunset by the pyramids. This ended up being one of the best sunset-viewing spots I've witnessed in my life. Nothing compares to watching the sun drop lower in the sky and then eventually disappear behind one of the most incredible views in the world.

Originally, we were torn between going to one of the nice restaurants at the luxury hotels near the pyramids or a smaller, likely more touristy restaurant with okay food. We decided on the latter, and it ended up being the best decision. We picked a restaurant right in front of the Sphinx where you have a front-row view of the Light and Sound Show at the Pyramids.

The show starts after sunset and projects colorful lights onto the pyramids while narrating ancient Egyptian history. Even if you watch from a restaurant without buying tickets, you'll still see the spectacle.

Sunset Restaurant Options:

• Pizza Hut/KFC near pyramids (yes, really! Pyramid views while eating fast food)

• 139 Pavilion for upscale dining with pyramid views

• Andrea Restaurant for traditional Egyptian food and shisha

Optional Day 3 Alternative: Relaxation Day in Zamalek

If you're feeling museum-ed out or pyramid-exhausted, spend your third day relaxing:

• Brunch at Zamalek cafes (try Left Bank or Sequoia)

• Visit Cairo Tower for 360-degree city views

• Explore art galleries in Zamalek

• Relax by the Nile

• Get a traditional hammam spa treatment

Shopping in Cairo: Best Markets & Souvenirs

Cairo is a shopper's paradise, offering diverse markets, bazaars, and shops where you can find unique souvenirs and local crafts.

Best Markets in Cairo

1. Khan El Khalili Bazaar

Already covered above, but worth repeating - this is THE shopping destination in Cairo. Historic, atmospheric, and packed with everything you could want.

Hours: Most shops open 9 AM - sunset (later during Ramadan)
Location: Islamic Cairo
Haggling: Essential! Start at 40-50% of the asking price

2. Al-Azhar Street

Adjacent to Khan El Khalili, Al-Azhar Street is lined with shops offering traditional crafts. Perfect for:

• Handwoven rugs and carpets

• Embroidered clothing

• Scarves and textiles

• Traditional galabiya robes

• Religious items and calligraphy art

3. Souq Al Fustat

Located in the heart of Old Cairo, known for its high-quality crafts and artisanal products. Prices are often more fixed but quality is exceptional.

Specialties:

• Authentic Egyptian pottery

• Leather goods (bags, shoes, wallets)

• Handcrafted jewelry

• Traditional handicrafts

4. Street of the Tentmakers (Sharia Khayamiya)

This lesser-known market specializes in vibrant appliqué work called Khayamiya. The intricate patterns and vibrant colors make these textiles unique and beautiful.

What to Buy:

• Wall hangings

• Cushion covers

• Bedspreads

• Bags

• Decorative panels

Watch artisans working on their pieces in small workshops!

Location: Near Bab Zuweila in Islamic Cairo

5. Zamalek District

For modern shopping, head to upscale Zamalek with:

• Contemporary Egyptian fashion boutiques

• Art galleries selling paintings and prints

• Antique shops

• Home decor stores

• International brands

Less haggling, higher prices, but unique quality items.

6. Mall of Arabia and Cairo Festival City Mall

For international brands and modern shopping:

• The Mall of Arabia - Largest mall in Egypt

• Cairo Festival City Mall - Upscale with many international brands

• City Stars Mall - Popular with locals

These offer:

• International clothing brands

• Electronics

• Dining options

• Entertainment facilities

• Air-conditioned comfort

What to Buy: Best Cairo Souvenirs

1. Papyrus Art

Authentic papyrus paintings depicting:

• Ancient Egyptian scenes (hieroglyphics, pharaohs, gods)

• Your name in hieroglyphics

• Traditional patterns

How to Spot Real Papyrus:

• Do the "scrunch test" - real papyrus won't crack when crumpled

• Real papyrus feels thick and rough

• Should have a certificate of authenticity

• More expensive than printed versions (60-200 EGP for small, 200-500+ EGP for large)

Where to Buy: Khan El Khalili has many papyrus shops - compare quality and prices. Better shops near Egyptian Museum.

2. Perfume Oils

Egyptian perfume oils in beautiful glass bottles:

• Lotus

• Rose

• Jasmine

• Musk

• Custom blends

Concentrated oils that last longer than Western perfumes.

Where to Buy: Perfume shops in Khan El Khalili (watch for high-pressure sales tactics)

Cost: 50-200 EGP per bottle, depending on quality and size

3. Spices and Herbs

Egyptian spices are incredibly fresh and flavorful:

• Dukkah (nut and spice blend)

• Egyptian curry powder

• Hibiscus flowers (for karkade tea)

• Cumin, coriander, cinnamon

• Saffron

• Za'atar

Where to Buy: Spice markets near Khan El Khalili or specialized spice shops

Cost: Very affordable - 20-100 EGP per bag

4. Alabaster Items

Egypt is famous for alabaster (translucent stone):

• Vases

• Canopic jars (replicas)

• Statues of Egyptian gods

• Decorative items

• Pyramids and obelisks

Where to Buy: Markets near the pyramids (lots of pressure to buy) or Khan El Khalili

Quality Check: Hold it up to light - real alabaster is translucent

5. Cartouches

Personalized jewelry with your name inscribed in hieroglyphics:

• Necklaces

• Bracelets

• Keychains

• Bookmarks

Where to Buy: Khan El Khalili jewelry shops - they can make custom cartouches while you wait (30-60 minutes)

Cost: 100-400 EGP depending on metal (brass vs. silver vs. gold-plated)

6. Brass and Copper Items

Intricately designed metalwork:

• Lanterns (decorative or functional)

• Trays and plates

• Vases

• Incense burners

• Home decor

Where to Buy: Coppersmith area near Khan El Khalili

7. Textiles and Scarves

Beautiful Egyptian cotton and silk:

• Pashmina scarves

• Cotton scarves

• Khayamiya appliqué work

• Embroidered tablecloths

• Galabiya robes

8. Egyptian Cotton Products

Egypt produces some of the world's finest cotton:

• Bed sheets

• Towels

• Galabiya robes

• Clothing

9. Jewelry

Gold and silver jewelry:

• Traditional Egyptian designs

• Cartouches

• Eye of Horus symbols

• Ankh symbols

• Scarab beetles

Where to Buy: Gold souk in Khan El Khalili - gold is sold by weight plus craftsmanship fee

10. Backgammon and Chess Sets

Beautiful inlaid wood or mother-of-pearl:

• Backgammon boards

• Chess sets

• Decorative boxes

Hand-crafted and unique to take home.

Shopping Tips for Cairo

Haggling Essentials:

• Start at 40-50% of the asking price

• Be prepared to walk away - vendors often call you back with better offers

• Stay friendly and smile - it's part of the experience

• Don't show too much interest in an item initially

• Compare prices at multiple shops before buying

• If buying multiple items, negotiate a bundle price

Quality Checks:

• Examine items carefully for defects

• Check authenticity (especially papyrus, perfumes, alabaster)

• Be cautious of mass-produced Chinese goods marketed as Egyptian handicrafts

Payment:

• Carry cash - Most market vendors prefer Egyptian pounds

• Credit cards accepted in malls and upscale shops

• ATMs widely available throughout Cairo

• Carry small denominations (20, 50, 100 EGP notes) for easier transactions

Cultural Sensitivity:

• Show respect and patience when negotiating

• Don't be offended by persistent vendors - it's normal

• A polite "no thank you" (la, shukran) usually works

• If a vendor invites you in for tea, they expect serious consideration of purchase

Shipping:

• Large items (carpets, furniture) can often be shipped internationally

• Get quotes and tracking information before agreeing

• Keep receipts for customs

Practical Tips for First-Timers to Cairo

Dress Modestly

Cairo is a city with conservative norms. Dressing modestly shows respect and results in a more comfortable experience.

For Women:

• Cover shoulders, cleavage, and knees

• Loose-fitting clothes are more comfortable and appropriate

• Lightweight scarf handy for covering hair in mosques

• Avoid tight or revealing clothing

• Maxi dresses and skirts work great

• Loose pants or cropped pants are fine

For Men:

• Avoid wearing shorts in conservative areas and mosques

• T-shirts and long pants are fine

• Tank tops are acceptable in touristy areas, but not everywhere

Stay Hydrated and Protect Yourself from the Sun

Cairo gets extremely hot, especially from April to October.

Essential Sun Protection:

• Drink 2-3 liters of water daily, minimum

• Carry a refillable water bottle everywhere

• Wear sunscreen (SPF 50+) and reapply every 2 hours

• Wear sunglasses and a hat

• Seek shade during midday (11 AM - 3 PM)

• Take breaks in air-conditioned spaces

Warning Signs of Dehydration:

• Dizziness, headache

• Extreme fatigue

• Dark urine

• Dry mouth

Be Prepared for Traffic and Crowds

Cairo is a bustling metropolis with 20+ million people. Traffic is legendary.

Traffic Tips:

• Allow 1.5-2x longer than Google Maps suggests

• Rush hours (7-9 AM, 4-7 PM) are especially bad

• Build in buffer time before flights or scheduled tours

• Use Metro when possible to avoid traffic

• Be patient - traffic jams are normal

Crossing Streets:

• Cairo drivers don't always stop for pedestrians

• Cross with confidence when locals cross

• Make eye contact with drivers

• Walk steadily - don't stop mid-street or run

• Use pedestrian bridges when available

• It looks scary, but you'll get used to it!

Dealing with Crowds:

• Major attractions get very crowded, especially from 10 AM - 2 PM

• Visit early morning or late afternoon

• Keep valuables secure in crowds

• Be prepared for personal space to not exist

• Stay patient and calm

Respect Local Customs and Etiquette

Photography:

• Always ask permission before photographing people

• Especially important for women and in conservative areas

• Some people may ask for money after you photograph them

• Photography restrictions inside some museums and mosques

Mosque Etiquette:

• Remove shoes before entering

• Women cover hair, shoulders, knees

• Men wear long pants

• Dress modestly (scarves sometimes provided)

• Speak quietly

• Don't walk in front of people praying

• Don't visit during prayer times (5 times daily)

Ramadan Considerations:

• If visiting during Ramadan, don't eat/drink/smoke publicly during daylight hours

• Restaurants may be closed during the day

• Special evening atmosphere after sunset

• Unique cultural experience!

Social Etiquette:

• Public displays of affection are inappropriate

• Use the right hand for eating and handshakes (left hand considered unclean)

• Remove shoes when entering homes

• Accept tea/coffee when offered - it's hospitality

• Egyptians are warm and hospitable - embrace it!

Stay Cautious and Aware

Like any major city, use common sense:

Safety Tips:

• Keep belongings secure - use anti-theft bags

• Don't walk alone late at night in unfamiliar areas

• Avoid displaying expensive jewelry, cameras, phones

• Be aware of your surroundings in crowds

• Use hotel safes for valuables

• Only carry what you need for the day

• Keep copies of important documents separate from originals

Women Traveling:

• May experience catcalling or stares - unfortunately, common

• Travel with others when possible, especially at night

• Dress modestly to reduce attention

• Firm, polite "no thank you" to unwanted approaches

• Tourist police are helpful if you need assistance

• Join group tours for major attractions

Tourist Police:

• Tourist police (wearing "Tourist Police" armbands) patrol major sites

• Generally helpful and English-speaking

• Can assist with directions, scams, and safety concerns

Try Local Cuisine but Be Mindful

Egyptian food is delicious! Embrace it.

Food Safety:

• Stick to bottled water (never tap water)

• Avoid ice in drinks (usually made from tap water)

• Eat at busy restaurants with high turnover

• Street food from busy vendors is generally safe

• Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitizer

• Peel fruits yourself

• Avoid raw vegetables unless you know they're washed in filtered water

If You Get Sick:

• Bring anti-diarrheal medication (Imodium)

• Oral rehydration salts helpful

• Pharmacies widely available and helpful

• Most stomach issues pass in 24-48 hours

• Seek medical care if severe or persistent

Use Your Negotiation Skills

Bargaining is Expected:

• Markets, taxis, souvenirs - haggling is part of the culture

• Never pay the first price quoted

• Start at 40-50% of the asking price

• Be prepared to walk away

• Stay friendly and smile

• Don't haggle over amounts that are insignificant to you

• Know approximate fair prices before shopping

Where NOT to Bargain:

• Restaurants (except sometimes street vendors)

• Hotels

• Ride-sharing apps (Uber/Careem)

• Modern shops/malls

• Museum tickets

Plan Visits to Major Attractions Wisely

Beat the Crowds:

• Arrive when sites open (usually 8 or 9 AM)

• Late afternoon also less crowded

• Avoid midday heat and peak crowds (10 AM - 2 PM)

• Book skip-the-line tickets when available

Hire Guides:

• Knowledgeable guides greatly enhance experiences

• Book reputable guides in advance through tour companies

• Avoid unofficial guides who approach you at sites

• Budget 200-500 EGP for official guides

Delving into Cairo’s Culinary Tapestry: A Feast for the Senses

Cairo's vibrant culinary scene beckons travelers with a diverse array of flavors, showcasing the richness of Egyptian cuisine. From street food vendors to upscale restaurants, the city offers unforgettable eating experiences.

Must-Try Egyptian Dishes

1. Koshari

A true Egyptian comfort food and the national dish! Koshari is a hearty vegetarian dish featuring:

• Rice

• Lentils (brown and black)

• Pasta (macaroni and vermicelli)

• Chickpeas

• Crispy fried onions on top

• Flavorful spiced tomato sauce

• Garlic vinegar for extra tang (add to taste!)

Where to Try: Abou Tarek in downtown Cairo is THE iconic spot for koshari. It's a local institution operating since the 1950s, multiple floors packed with locals and tourists. A large portion costs about 30-40 EGP (~$1-1.50) - incredibly filling and delicious!

2. Ful Medames

A breakfast staple throughout Egypt. Ful medames features slow-cooked fava beans seasoned with:

• Olive oil

• Garlic

• Lemon juice

• Cumin

• Optional: eggs, cheese, or pastrami

Served with fresh baladi bread for scooping. Nutritious, filling, and delicious!

Where to Try: Felfela, a renowned restaurant serving authentic Egyptian fare since 1959. They have multiple locations but the original downtown spot has the most atmosphere.

3. Ta'ameya (Egyptian Falafel)

Unlike the chickpea falafel found elsewhere in the Middle East, Egyptian ta'ameya is made from fava beans and has a bright green interior with herbs. Deep-fried to crispy perfection!

Usually served in:

• Pita bread

• With tahini sauce

• Tomatoes, cucumbers, pickles

• Sometimes with french fries inside!

Where to Try: Fresco in Zamalek is celebrated for mouthwatering falafel sandwiches. Also, street vendors throughout Cairo - look for the ones with lines of locals!

Cost: 10-20 EGP ($0.30-0.60) from street vendors

4. Mahshi (Stuffed Vegetables)

A labor-of-love dish featuring vegetables stuffed with spiced rice and sometimes minced meat:

• Grape leaves (wara' enab)

• Zucchini

• Eggplant

• Bell peppers

• Cabbage leaves

Cooked in tomato sauce until tender.

Where to Try: Kazaz, a beloved establishment celebrated for traditional Egyptian home cooking. Located near the Citadel.

5. Molokhia

A uniquely Egyptian soup made from jute leaves (molokhia), cooked with garlic, coriander, and chicken or rabbit broth. The texture is slightly slimy (like okra) but the flavor is incredible - earthy and garlicky.

Usually served over rice or with bread, accompanied by chicken or rabbit.

Where to Try: Tabali, situated in the heart of Islamic Cairo, renowned for authentic molokhia and traditional atmosphere. Popular with locals.

6. Kofta and Kebab

Egyptian grilled meats are phenomenal:

• Kofta - Spiced ground meat (beef or lamb) shaped on skewers and grilled

• Kebab - Chunks of marinated meat grilled to perfection

Served with rice, grilled vegetables, tahini, and fresh bread.

Where to Try: Abou Shakra is a local favorite with multiple locations, serving perfectly seasoned meats. The smell from the grill draws you in from blocks away!

7. Feteer (Egyptian Pizza)

A flaky, layered pastry that can be savory or sweet:

• Savory: Filled with cheese, minced meat, or vegetables

• Sweet: Filled with honey, nuts, raisins, or Nutella

Often called "Egyptian pizza" but it's more like a cross between pizza and French pastry.

Where to Try: Feteer Meshaltet stands throughout Cairo, especially near universities and busy areas.

8. Shawarma

While shawarma is found throughout the Middle East, Egyptian shawarma has its own style. Thinly sliced meat (chicken, beef, or lamb) marinated in spices, cooked on a vertical rotisserie, and served in flatbread with:

• Tahini sauce

• Fresh vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, pickles)

• French fries (yes, inside the wrap!)

Where to Try: Abou Shakra (mentioned above) or Sheikh Elnaggar - both serve excellent shawarma.

Cost: 40-80 EGP ($1.50-2.50)

9. Hawawshi

Think of it as an Egyptian meat pie - spiced minced meat mixed with onions, peppers, and parsley, stuffed inside baladi bread dough and baked until crispy.

Absolutely delicious street food!

Where to Try: Street vendors and small restaurants throughout Cairo, especially popular in downtown and Mohandessin.

10. Egyptian Sweets

Umm Ali: Traditional Egyptian bread pudding enriched with:

• Puff pastry or phyllo dough

• Milk and cream

• Nuts (pistachios, almonds, hazelnuts)

• Raisins

• Coconut

• Served hot!

It's Egypt's version of bread pudding and incredibly decadent.

Where to Try: Fasahet Somaya is a hidden gem known for delectable Umm Ali. Also served at most traditional restaurants.

Basbousa: Semolina cake soaked in sweet syrup, often topped with almonds or coconut.

Kunafa: Shredded phyllo dough with cheese or cream filling, soaked in sugar syrup. Best served hot!

Where to Try: El Abd Pastry is Cairo's most famous bakery chain with multiple locations.

Best Restaurants in Cairo

Budget-Friendly (Under $5/person):

• Abou Tarek - Koshari specialist

• Felfela - Traditional Egyptian food

• Zooba - Modern Egyptian street food

• El Shabrawy - Liver sandwiches (yes, really - an Egyptian favorite!)

• Street vendors - Ta'ameya, shawarma, juice stands

Mid-Range ($10-25/person):

• Kazaz - Traditional home-style cooking

• Tabali - Molokhia and Egyptian specialties

• Abou Shakra - Grilled meats

• Sequoia - Mediterranean food with Nile views

• Left Bank - International cuisine in Zamalek

• Crimson - Modern Egyptian in downtown

Upscale ($30+/person):

• Zitouni - Four Seasons, upscale Egyptian cuisine

• 139 Pavilion - Pyramid views, international menu

• Andrea Restaurant - Traditional Egyptian with pyramid views

• Naguib Mahfouz Cafe - Tourist-friendly but historic atmosphere in Khan El Khalili

• Osmanly Restaurant - Ottoman cuisine at Fairmont Nile City

Drinks and Beverages

Mint Tea (Shay bil Nana): The most popular beverage in Egypt. Sweet, refreshing, and perfect after meals.

Karkade: Hibiscus tea served hot or cold - tart and refreshing.

Sugarcane Juice (Aseer Asab): Fresh-pressed sugarcane juice from street vendors - incredibly sweet and energizing! Watch them press it fresh. Costs about 10 EGP.

Arabic Coffee: Strong, thick coffee often flavored with cardamom.

Sahlab: A hot, thick, creamy drink made from orchid root powder, milk, and sugar, topped with nuts and coconut. Popular in winter.

Egyptian Beer: If you drink alcohol, try Stella (Egyptian beer, not the Belgian one) or Sakara - local brands available at hotels and some restaurants.

FINAL THOUGHTS: ENJOY CAIRO!

Cairo is intense, chaotic, beautiful, frustrating, amazing, and unforgettable - often all within the same hour! If you go in with realistic expectations about the challenges (traffic, vendors, heat, crowds) and an open mind about the incredible experiences awaiting you, you'll have an absolutely wonderful time.

Take all of Cairo's beauty, flaws, chaos, smells, history, and hospitality in stride. Be patient with the traffic, firm with persistent vendors, respectful of the culture, adventurous with the food, and open to unexpected moments of magic.

Some of my favorite Cairo memories aren't from the pyramids (though those were incredible) - they're from:

• Sipping mint tea with locals who wanted to practice English

• Getting gloriously lost in the winding streets of Islamic Cairo

• Eating the best koshari of my life for $1.50

• Watching the sunset paint the pyramids golden while the call to prayer echoed across the city

• Haggling for souvenirs and laughing with shop owners

• The kindness of strangers who helped us navigate the Metro

Cairo rewards travelers who embrace its beautiful chaos with experiences and memories that last a lifetime.

If You're Traveling Beyond Cairo

Check out my other Egypt guides:

One Week in Egypt: The Ultimate Itinerary - Full seven-day itinerary covering Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan

Complete Guide to Luxor, Egypt - Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, and more

Complete Guide to Aswan, Egypt - Abu Simbel, Philae Temple, and Nubian culture

Watch My Egypt Videos

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